Friday 30 September 2016
Felicitas. Perpetua. Agatha. Lucy. Agnes. Cecilia. Anastasia. The Seven Female Saints In The Second List Of The Canon Of The Mass.
Text taken from IPADRE CATHOLIC PODCASTING
English: Stained-Glass Window of Saint Perpetua of Carthage (Church of Notre-Dame
of Vierzon, France, 19th-Century). Martyrdom of Saint Perpetua and her fellows
in the stadium of Carthage. Saint Felicitas on the Left.
Français: Verrière de Sainte Perpétue (église Notre-Dame de Vierzon, XIXe siècle):
martyre de sainte Félicité et de ses compagnons; sainte Félicité est à la gauche.
Photo: 20 August 2008.
Source: Own work.
Author: Gaetan Poix.
(Wikimedia Commons)
The Second List of Saints, in The Roman Canon, follows The Consecration and Prayer for The Deceased. We sought the intercession of The Saints before The Consecration, and Prayed for our brothers and sisters who have gone before us, and once again turn to our brethren in Heaven, who await our arrival.
In The First List of Saints (just prior to The Consecration), we only have men mentioned. The Second List (after The Consecration) represents The Seven Orders, The States of Life, and Personages in The Church.
Saint Agatha, in prison,
attended by Saint Peter and an Angel.
Artist: Alessandro Turchi (1578–1649).
According to an early Christian legend, when a 3rd-Century Roman Official of Sicily desired
the Christian woman, Agatha, and she refused to yield to his advances, he had her tortured,
and even ordered her breasts cut off. At night, in prison, she was visited by a vision of
Saint Peter and an Angel, and her breasts were miraculously restored.
Date: Circa 1640-1645.
Current location: Walters Art Museum,
Baltimore, Maryland,
United States of America.
Credit line: Acquired by Henry Walters before 1909.
Source: Walters Art Museum.
(Wikimedia Commons)
The Second List begins with John the Baptist. John, The Forerunner of Christ, represents The Prophets of The Old Testament and leads to The Promised Messiah.
Then follows, in succession:
Stephen, the first Martyr of The Church, from The Order of Deacons;
Saint Matthias, who replaced Judas, the betrayer, represents The Apostles;
Saint Lucy.
Artist: Francesco del Cossa (1436–1487).
Date: After 1470.
Current location: National Gallery of Art,
Washington, D.C., United States of America.
Source/Photographer: Digital photo by User:Postdlf.
(Wikimedia Commons)
Barnabas was a Levite and a Jewish convert to The Faith, one of the earliest Disciples from Jerusalem;
Ignatius was the third Bishop of Antioch. He was among The Apostolic Fathers and a student of Saint John the Apostle (the Evangelist). Tradition tells us that Ignatius was one of the children that Jesus held and Blessed and said: “Let the children come unto Me";
Saint Agnes.
Artist: Massimo Stanzione (1586–1656).
Date: 1635.
Current location: Museu Nacional d'Art de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.
Source: Museu National d'Art de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.
(Wikimedia Commons)
Felicitas and Perpetua were both married and suffered greatly at Carthage. They were confined to a dark prison and were scourged and beheaded in the year 202 A.D;
Agatha, Lucy, Agnes, and Cecilia, represent The Order of Virgins;
Saint Cecilia
(Latin: Sancta Caecilia).
Artist: Guido Reni (1575–1642).
Date:1606.
Current location: Norton Simon Museum,
Pasadena, California,
United States of America.
Source/Photographer: http://www.wga.hu/
(Wikimedia Commons)
Anastasia represents The Widows. She was treated cruelly by her pagan husband. After his death, she lived a life of Charity and Mercy. Anastasia was burnt to death on The Feast of The Lord’s Nativity, in 304 A.D., in the reign of Emperor Diocletian.
The Second List of Saints in The Roman Canon were all highly esteemed people of Rome. Although they may not appear to relate to us today,, they represent every walk of Christian Life. Both men and women give the example that all are strong in The Grace of Christ.
Anastasiakapelle
(Chapel of Saint Anastasia),
Kloster Benediktbeuren,
Bavaria, Germany.
Illustration: PINTEREST
We seek the friendship of these Apostles and Martyrs, promising to share in their labours, sufferings and battles in our daily offertory. In The Mass, we Pray: “May the Lord accept your sacrifice and ours.” We may not physically take on The Cross or be flogged, but we willingly unite all of our sufferings with Christ The Pascal Lamb as His faithful servants with all The Saints and Martyrs, both named and unnamed, to spread the saving Gospel of Christ.
Thursday 29 September 2016
The Dedication Of Saint Michael The Archangel. Feast Day 29 September.
Text from The Saint Andrew Daily Missal,
unless otherwise stated.
The Dedication of Saint Michael The Archangel.
Feast Day 29 September.
Double of The First-Class.
White Vestments.
Saint Michael The Archangel.
Illustration: UNA VOCE OF ORANGE COUNTY
Artist: Rene de Cramer.
"Copyright Brunelmar/Ghent/Belgium".
Used with Permission.
Hymn to Saint Michael The Archangel.
Musical Credits: "The Days" (I giorni)
by Ludovico Einaudi.
Available on YouTube at
The Mass composed for the occasion has since been appointed for The 18th Sunday after Pentecost; it still relates to The Dedication of a Church. The present Mass was composed more recently.
The Hebrew meaning of "Michael" is: "Who is like God ?", and recalls the combat which took place in Heaven between "The Archangel of God, who deserved to be placed at the Head of The Heavenly Host", and the devil.
Sermon: Saint Michael The Archangel.
Available on YouTube at
Saint Michael conquers Satan's pride and obtains humility for us. It is also he who presides over The Worship of Adoration rendered to The Most High, for he offers to God the Prayers of The Saints, symbolised by Incense, whose smoke rises towards Heaven (Offertory, Blessing of the Incense).
Sermon: The Archangels.
Available on YouTube at
When a Christian has left this World, we Pray that The Standard-Bearer, Saint Michael, should introduce the Christian into Heaven; he is also often represented with The Scales of Divine Justice, wherein Souls are weighed. His name is mentioned in The Confiteor, after that of Mary, who is The Queen of Angels.
Saint Michael was the protecting Angel of the Synagogue, as he is now of The Church, which has succeeded it. To him, The Liturgy attributes the revelation of the future, made to Saint John in The Apocalypse (Epistle).
Every Parish Priest Celebrates Mass for the people of his Parish.
Mass: Benedícite Dóminum, omnes Angeli ejus. Bless The Lord, all ye His Angels.
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Wednesday 28 September 2016
Tuesday 27 September 2016
The Church Of Our Lady And Saint Thomas Of Canterbury, Wymondham Abbey, Norfolk. Altar Screen (Reredos) By Sir Ninian Comper.
Text from Wikipedia - the free encyclopaedia,
unless otherwise stated.
Reredos (Altar Screen),
Church of Our Lady and Saint Thomas of Canterbury,
Wymondham Abbey, Norfolk, England.
With Tester (above) and Rood Figures (above the Tester),
designed by Sir Ninian Comper, 1922.
Date: 1922 (object created);
27 February 2007 (original Upload Date).
Source: Transferred from en.wikipedia;
Author: Sir Ninian Comper (creator of the object);
Photographer and Original Uploader: Richard Barton-Wood.
Attribution: Richard Barton-Wood.
(Wikimedia Commons)
Wymondham Abbey (pronounced Windham) is the Anglican Parish Church for the Town of Wymondham, in Norfolk, England. The Church is Dedicated to Our Lady and Saint Thomas of Canterbury. Today, the Abbey serves as the Parish Church of Wymondham, but it started life as a Benedictine Priory.
The Monastery was Founded, in 1107, by William d'Aubigny, Chief Butler to King Henry I. William was a prominent Norfolk landowner, with Estates in Wymondham and nearby New Buckenham. The d'Albini (or d'Aubigny) family originated from Saint Martin d'Aubigny, in Normandy. Later, the Founder's son, William d'Aubigny, 1st Earl of Arundel, in 1174, Founded Becket's Chapel, close by in the town, to be served by two Monks from the Priory.
William d'Albini's Monastery was a Dependency of The Benedictine Monastery at Saint Alban's, where his uncle, Richard, was Abbot. Wymondham Priory was relatively small, initially for some twelve Benedictine Monks, but grew in influence and wealth over the coming Centuries. Disputes between the Wymondham Monks and Saint Alban's Monks were quite common, and, in 1448, following a successful Petition to the King, the Pope granted Wymondham the Right to become an Abbey in its own Right. A notable Abbot was Thomas Walsingham.
Wymondham Abbey Hatchment,
now hung in The Ringing Tower.
Date: April 2007.
Source: en:File:Hatchment 7.jpg.
Author: en:User:Bartonwood.
(Wikimedia Commons)
The Monastery Church was completed by about 1130, and, originally, was Dedicated to The Virgin Mary. Later, following the murder of Saint Thomas Becket in 1170, Becket's name was added to the Dedication. A modern icon Panel, by the late Rev. David Hunter, is on display in the Church and tells the story of Thomas's life in pictures.
In 1174, the Founder's son, also called William d'Aubigny, established a Chapel in the Town, dedicated to Becket, and served by two Monks from the Priory. The Church was originally Cruciform in shape, with a Central Tower and Twin West Towers. When it was built, Stone, from Caen, in Normandy, was shipped specially across The English Channel to face the walls.
The Central Tower was rebuilt, in about 1376, with a tall Octagonal Tower (now ruined), which held the Monks' Bells. In 1447, work on a much taller, single West Tower, began. This replaced the original Norman Towers and held the Townspeople's Bells.
Wymondham Abbey,
from across the River Tiffey,
clearly showing the ruined Octagonal Tower
and the newer Square Tower.
Photo:23 September 2006 (original Upload Date).
Source: Transferred from en.
Author: Original uploader was Etm157 at en.wikipedia.
(Wikimedia Commons)
From the start, the Church had been divided between Monks' and Townspeople's areas, with the Nave and North Aisle serving as Parish Church for the Town (as it still is). This, too, was, from time to time, the cause of disputes which occasionally erupted into lawlessness, though the Vicar of Wymondham was appointed by the Abbot.
King Henry VIII's Dissolution of the Monasteries brought about the closure of Wymondham Abbey, which was surrendered to the King in 1538. The Monks had, apparently willingly, already signed The Oath of Supremacy, and were given generous pensions - Elisha Ferrers, the last Abbot, became Vicar of Wymondham (the fine 16th-Century Sedilia, on the South Side of the Chancel, is said to be his Memorial).
The years following The Dissolution saw the gradual demolition of the Monastic buildings for re-use of the Stone. The Eastern End of the Church (blocked off from the Nave by a solid wall since about 1385) was destroyed, leaving the present Church (at 70 m.) only about half its original length. Repairs to the Church were carried out following Queen Elizabeth I's visit in 1573 (date and initials may be seen on Exterior Stonework).
Becket's Chapel,
near Wymondham Abbey,
Norfolk, England.
This File: 24 January 2008.
User: Jaspe.
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Beckets_Chapel.JPG.
Author: Bartonwood at the English Wikipedia project.
(Wikimedia Commons)
Notable features of the Church are the Twin Towers (a landmark for miles around), the Norman Nave, the splendid 15th-Century Angel Roof in the Nave and fine North Aisle Roof. The Church is also remarkable for its high-quality fittings, such as the 1783 Organ, by James Davis, and 1810 Chamber Organ (also by James Davis) and the splendid Gilded Reredos (or Altar Screen), one of the largest works of Sir Ninian Comper.
This was Dedicated in 1921, as a War Memorial, though the Gilding was not finished until 1934. Note, also, the Early-Tudor terracotta Sedilia (see, above), the Georgian Candelabrum and Royal Arms of George II, the Carved Mediaeval Font, with modern Gilded Font Cover, and many smaller features, such as Angels, Musicians and figures, Carved on the Roof Timbers and Corbels. The West Tower houses a Peal of ten Bells, re-cast and re-hung in 1967. Hung in The Bell Tower, are six well-preserved 18th-Century Hatchments.
[Editor: A Funerary Hatchment is a depiction, within a Black Lozenge-Shaped Frame, generally on a Black (Sable) background, of a deceased's Heraldic Achievement, that is to say, the Escutcheon showing the Arms, together with the Crest and Supporters of his Family or Person. Regimental Colours, and other Military or Naval Emblems, are sometimes placed behind the Arms of Military or Naval Officers.
Such Funerary Hatchments, generally therefore restricted in use to Members of the Nobility or Armigerous Gentry, used to be hung on the wall of a deceased person's house, and was later transferred to the Parish Church, often within the Family Chapel, therein, which appertained to the Manor House, the family occupying which, generally, being Lord of the Manor, held the Advowson (or Patronage) of the Church. In Germany, the approximate equivalent is a Totenschild, literally "Death Shield".]
Wymondham Abbey Nave.
(Note The Rood, above The Tester).
Photo: Richard Barton-Wood.
Date: 4 April 2007 (original Upload Date).
Source: Transferred from en.wikipedia.
Author: Original uploader was Bartonwood
at en.wikipedia.
(Wikimedia Commons)
THE SAINT ANDREW DAILY MISSAL
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Anima Christi (Soul Of Christ). Indulgenced Prayer Of Thanksgiving After Holy Communion (Blessed Pope Pius IX, 1854).
Text is taken from The Saint Andrew Daily Missal.
Anima Christi, sanctifica me.
Corpus Christi, salva me.
Sanguis Christi, inebria me.
Aqua lateris Christi, lava me.
Passio Christi, conforta me.
O bone Jesu, exaudi me.
Intra tua vulnera absconde me.
Ne permittas me separari a te.
Ab hoste maligno defende me.
In hora mortis meae voca me,
Et jube me venire ad te.
Ut cum Sanctis tuis laudem te.
In saecula saeculorum.
Amen.
Soul of Christ, Sanctify me.
Body of Christ, save me.
Blood of Christ, inebriate me.
Water from the Side of Christ, wash me.
Passion of Christ, strengthen me.
O good Jesu, hear me.
Within Thy Wounds, hide me.
Suffer me not to be separated from Thee.
From the malicious enemy, defend me.
In the hour of death, call me,
And bid me come unto Thee.
That with Thy Saints, I may praise Thee.
For ever and ever.
Amen.
An Indulgence of 300 days each time this Prayer is said.
An Indulgence of seven years, if said after Holy Communion.
If said every day during the month, a Plenary Indulgence,
subject to the usual conditions, on any day chosen.
Monday 26 September 2016
Saint Cyprian And Saint Justina. Martyrs. Feast Day, Today, 26 September.
Text from The Saint Andrew Daily Missal,
unless stated otherwise.
Saint Cyprian And Saint Justina.
Martyrs.
Feast Day 26 September.
Simple.
Red Vestments.
English: Saints Cyprian and Justina (honoured in The Eastern Orthodox Church
and Oriental Orthodoxy as Christians of Antioch, Pisidia, who, in 304 A.D., during
The Persecution of Diocletian, suffered Martyrdom at Nicomedia (modern-day İzmit, Turkey)
on 26 September, the date of their Feast).
Български: Икона на Свети Киприан и Юстина. Икона подарена от
моето
семейство, на храм „Св.Св. Кирил и Методий“.
Photo: 26 October 2009.
Source: Own work.
Author: Biso.
(Wikimedia Commons)
"At Nicomedia,", says The Roman Martyrology, "the birth in Heaven of the Holy Martyrs Cyprian and Justina. This Virgin, after having endured many tortures under The Emperor Diocletian and the Judge Eutholmus, converted to Christ Cyprian the Magician, who had tried to seduce her by his incantations.
Both were Martyred in 304 A.D. Their bodies, after having been exposed to wild beasts, were taken away during the night by some Christian mariners, who carried them to Rome. Later, they were buried in the Basilica of Constantine (Saint John Lateran), near the Baptistry."
Mass: Salus autem.
Secret: Munera.
Postcommunion: Praesta.
Arch-Basilica of Saint John Lateran, Rome, Italy.
Saint Cyprian and Saint Justina were buried in this Arch-Basilica, near The Baptistry.
Photo: 21 April 2015.
Source: Own work.
Author: Livioandronico2013.
(Wikimedia Commons)
The Last Days Of Summer. The Sea.
Illustration: DAILY MAIL
"La mer"
(The Sea).
By Charles Trenet.
Available on YouTube at
FRENCH LYRICS.
La mer
Qu'on voit danser le long des golfes clairs
A des reflets d'argent
La mer
Des reflets changeants
Sous la pluie
La mer
Au ciel d'été confond
Ses blancs moutons
Avec les anges si purs
La mer bergère d'azur
Infinie
Voyez
Près des étangs
Ces grands roseaux mouillés
Voyez
Ces oiseaux blancs
Et ces maisons rouillées
La mer
Les a bercés
Le long des golfes clairs
Et d'une chanson d'amour
La mer
A bercé mon cœur pour la vie
Illustration: MANUSCRIPTS AND PICTORIAL
ENGLISH LYRICS.
The sea,
We see dancing along the shores of clear bays,
Shimmers with silver
The sea
Changing shimmers
Under the rain
The sea
With the summer sky
Mix up her white horses
With the angels so pure
The infinite azure shepherdess
The sea
The sea
By the ponds
Those big wet reeds
See
Those white birds
And those rusty houses
The sea
Has cradled them
Along the shores of clear bays
And with a love song
The sea
Has rocked my heart for life
Illustration: GOOGLE IMAGES
Illustration: DARWIN COUNTRY
Sunday 25 September 2016
"Parce Mihi Domine". "Spare Me, O Lord". Hauntingly Beautiful. Spanish Composer: Cristóbal De Morales (1500-1553).
Text and Illustrations from Wikipedia - the free encyclopaedia,
unless otherwise stated.
Cristobal de Morales by Angelo Rossi (dates unknown).
The print is from the original Andrea Adami 's Osservazioni per il ben regolare choir Cappella dei della Pontifical cantori. Catalogue 'nomi, Cognomi, and homeland i cantori Pontifici (Rome, 1711).
Date: 18th-Century.
Source: Dejiny hudby II. Renesance, p. 231.
Author: Angelo Rossi.
(Wikimedia Commons)
Cristobal de Morales (1500 - 1553) was a Spanish composer of The Renaissance. He is generally considered to be the most influential Spanish composer before Victoria.
He was born in Seville, Spain, and, after an exceptional early education, which included a rigorous training in The Classics, as well as Musical Study with some of the foremost composers, he held Posts at Ávila and Plasencia.
"Parce Mihi Domine".
Composed by Cristobal de Morales (1500-1553).
Parce mihi Domine
(Job 7:16 -21)
Latin.
Parce mihi Domine, nihil enim sunt dies mei.
Quid est homo, quia magnificas eum ?
Aut quid apponis erga eum cor tuum ? Visitas cum diluculo, et subito probas illum.
Usquequo non parcis michi, nec dimittas me, ut glutiam salivam meam ? Peccavi.
Quid faciam tibi, o custos hominum ?
Quare posuisti me contrarium tibi, et factus sum michimet ipsi gravis ?
Cur non tollis peccatum meum, et quare non aufers iniquitatem meam ?
Ecce nunc in pulvere dormio; et si mane me quesieris, non subsistam.
English.
Spare me, O Lord, for my days are nothing.
What is a man that Thou shouldst magnify him ?
Or why dost Thou set thy heart upon him ?
Thou visitest him early in the morning, and Thou provest him suddenly.
How long wilt Thou not spare me,
nor suffer me to swallow down my spittle ? I have sinned.
What shall I do to Thee, O keeper of men ?
Why hast Thou set me opposite to Thee, and I am become burdensome to myself ?
Why dost Thou not remove my sin, and why dost Thou not take away mine iniquity ?
Behold now, I shall sleep in the dust: And if Thou seek me in the morning, I shall not be.
Lyrics from WIKIA
The Article can be read in full at LONDON HISTORIANS
On Tuesday, 20 September 1586, seven Catholic men were bound to hurdles in The Tower of London – one of them, a Priest named John Ballard, on a single sled, the others two-a-piece – and were dragged Westward on their final slow journey through the City’s Autumnal streets to a hastily-erected scaffold in the open fields ‘at the upper end of Holborn, hard by the highway-side to Saint Giles’, probably somewhere a little to the North-West of what is now Lincoln’s Inn Fields, then known as Cup Field.
The names of the men were – Ballard aside – Anthony Babington, John Savage, Robert Barnwell, Chidiock Tichbourne, Charles Tilney, and Edward Abingdon. (Seven more conspirators and their accomplices would die the following day: Edward Jones, Thomas Salisbury, John Charnock, Robert Gage, John Travers, Jerome Bellamy and Henry Donne, elder brother of the poet.)
The first man to die, was Ballard, arguably the plot’s ringleader. The second, its lynchpin, was Babington. He, alone of the men standing beside the scaffold awaiting their fate, watched Ballard’s agony’s unflinchingly, coolly, not even deigning to remove his hat; the others turned away, fell to their knees and bared their heads in Prayer.
But when it was his turn to suffer, and he was pulled down breathing from the gallows to face the executioner’s knife, he cried again and again "Parce mihi Domine Iesu", "Spare me, Lord Jesus".
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Saturday 24 September 2016
Our Lady Of Ransom. Feast Day 24 September.
Text from The Saint Andrew Daily Missal,
unless otherwise stated.
Our Lady of Ransom.
Feast Day 24 September.
Greater-Double.
White Vestments.
The Web-Site of The Mercedarian Friars is at
The Blessed Virgin appeared in the 13th-Century to Saint Peter Nolasco (Feast Day 28 January), to Saint Raymund of Pennafort (Feast Day 23 January), and to James, King of Aragon, requesting them to found a Religious Institute with the object of delivering Christian captives from the barbarous Saracens (Collect), who then held a great part of Spain.
In consequence of this, on 10 August 1218, King James of Aragon established The Royal, Military and Religious Order of Our Lady of Ransom (Editor: The Mercedarian Friars), and granted to its Members the privilege of bearing on their breasts his own Coat-of-Arms.
Most of them were Knights, and while the Clerics recited The Divine Office in The Commanderies, they guarded the coasts and delivered prisoners. This pious work spread everywhere and produced heroes of Sanctity and men of incomparable Charity and Piety, who devoted themselves to the collection of Alms for The Ransom of Christians, and who often gave themselves up as prisoners to deliver captives.
This Feast, originally kept only by The Order, was extended to the whole Church by Pope Innocent XII in the 17th-Century.
Mass: Salve, Sancta Parens.
Creed.
Preface: Of The Blessed Virgin Mary: "Et te in Festivitáte".
Royal, Celestial and Military Order of
Our Lady of Mercy and The Redemption of Captives.
Ordo Beatae Mariae
de Mercede redemptionis captivorum
English: Coat-of-Arms of The Mercedarians.
Català: Escut de la Orde de la Mercè.
Español: Escudo de la Orden de la Merced.
Date: 6 April 2011.
Source: [1].
Author: Heralder.
(Wikimedia Commons)
The following is from Wikipedia - the free encyclopaedia.
The Feast of Our Lady of Ransom is a Roman Catholic Liturgical Marian Feast on 24 September, a Double Major Ranking of Liturgical Days in The Roman Rite, commemorating The Foundation of The Mercedarians.
On 10 August 1223, The Mercedarian Order was legally constituted at Barcelona, Spain, by King James of Aragon, and was approved by Pope Gregory IX on 17 January 1235. The Mercedarians Celebrated their Institution on the Sunday nearest to 1 August (on which date, in the year 1233, The Blessed Virgin was believed to have shown Saint Peter Nolasco The White Habit of The Order), and this custom was approved by The Congregation of Rites on 4 April 1615 (Anal. Juris Pont., VII, 136).
But The Calendar of The Spanish Mercedarians of 1644 has it on 1 August as a Double. Proper Lessons were approved on 30 April 1616. The Feast was granted to Spain (The Sunday which was nearest to 1 August) on 15 February 1680; to France, 4 December 1690. On 22 February 1696, it was extended to the entire Latin Church, and the date changed to 24 September.
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The Feast of Our Lady of Ransom is a Roman Catholic Liturgical Marian Feast on 24 September, a Double Major Ranking of Liturgical Days in The Roman Rite, commemorating The Foundation of The Mercedarians.
On 10 August 1223, The Mercedarian Order was legally constituted at Barcelona, Spain, by King James of Aragon, and was approved by Pope Gregory IX on 17 January 1235. The Mercedarians Celebrated their Institution on the Sunday nearest to 1 August (on which date, in the year 1233, The Blessed Virgin was believed to have shown Saint Peter Nolasco The White Habit of The Order), and this custom was approved by The Congregation of Rites on 4 April 1615 (Anal. Juris Pont., VII, 136).
But The Calendar of The Spanish Mercedarians of 1644 has it on 1 August as a Double. Proper Lessons were approved on 30 April 1616. The Feast was granted to Spain (The Sunday which was nearest to 1 August) on 15 February 1680; to France, 4 December 1690. On 22 February 1696, it was extended to the entire Latin Church, and the date changed to 24 September.
The Mercedarians keep this Feast as a Double of The First-Class, with a Vigil, Privileged Octave, and Proper Office, under the Title: "Solemnitas Descensionis B. Mariæ V. de Mercede".
Our Lady of Ransom is The Principal Patron of Barcelona; The Proper Office was extended to Barcelona (1868) and to all Spain (Double of The Second-Class, 1883).
Sicily, which had suffered so much from the Saracens, took up the old date of The Feast (Sunday nearest to 1 August) by permission of The Congregation of Rites, since 31 August 1805 (Double Major), Apparition of Our Lady to Saint Peter Nolasco in The Choir of Barcelona, on The Sunday after 24 September.
In England, The Devotion to Our Lady of Ransom was revived in modern times to obtain the rescue of England as Our Lady's Dowry.
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